比较十四个行为科学电子健康记录在老年人中处方工具:NUDGE-EHR适应性试验
Julie C Lauffenburger1,2, Thomas Isaac3, Lorenzo Trippa4
1Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|July 4, 2025
概括
使用行为科学的电子健康记录警告显示,在为老年人处方高风险药物方面取得了适度的成功. 在接触开放时的警报和承诺前的策略可能会改善药物停用.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 减少老年人处方高风险药物的干预措施取得了有限的成功.
- 基于电子健康记录 (EHR) 的警报可以增强处方实践,但需要进一步评估处方.
- 行为科学原则越来越多地被整合到EHR工具中,以影响临床决策.
研究的目的:
- 评估基于EHR的警报的有效性,结合行为科学因素,为老年人长期服用二类药物和镇静催眠药减缓处方.
- 为了在EHR系统中比较不同的警报时间 (开放遭遇与订单输入) 和行为科学策略.
- 确定最佳的EHR警报设计,以促进老年患者的药物停用.
主要方法:
- 一个随机试验 (NUDGE-EHR) 涉及初级保健提供者 (PCP) 和65岁以上的患者,使用长期使用二类药物/镇静催眠药.
- 实施了14种不同的EHR工具,具有不同的行为科学因素和警报触发器 (开放式遭遇或订单输入).
- 使用通用线性混合模型进行分析,以评估抑郁症的主要结果,定义为药物停用或逐渐减少.
主要成果:
- 虽然大多数行为科学因素与对照组相比没有显著增加抑郁率,但开放的遭遇警报比订单入口警报更有效 (OR:1.25).
- 在开放的遭遇警报中,承诺前策略显示,抑郁症的概率显著增加 (OR: 1.67).
- 通常的护理导致33.6%的抑郁症率,干预组范围从25.9%到45.1%.
结论:
- 将大多数行为科学原则纳入EHR警报并没有显著改善老年人高风险药物的处方.
- 在患者接触开启时触发的警报和以患者为中心的承诺前方法显示出增强抑郁症的承诺.
- 对EHR系统中的特定行为干预措施的进一步研究是有必要的,以优化老年人群的药物管理.
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