饮食模式和发生慢性便秘在三个中年和老年成年人的前性队列中
Yiqing Wang1, Braden Kuo2, Madeline Berschback2
1Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Gastroenterology
|July 4, 2025
概括
坚持植物性饮食,如替代地中海饮食 (aMED) 和植物性饮食指数 (PDI),可以显著降低患便秘的风险. 这些饮食模式,丰富的蔬菜和坚果,提供保护性的好处,防止慢性便秘.
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 关于饮食和便秘的现有研究受到小样本大小和横截面设计的限制.
- 需要对饮食模式及其与发生便秘的关联进行全面检查.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究五种不同的饮食模式和发生慢性便秘之间的关联.
- 为了确定可能影响便秘风险的特定饮食成分.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自三个大型前性队列的数据:护士健康研究 (NHS),NHSII和卫生专业人员后续研究.
- 在12周的时间内根据自我报告的症状确定了慢性便秘.
- 通过使用食物频率调查问卷,评估了饮食模式的遵守,包括替代地中海饮食 (aMED),植物性饮食指数 (PDI),经验性饮食炎症模式,西方饮食和低碳水化合物饮食.
- 采用了日志二项式回归模型,调整了诸如纤维和超加工食品摄入等混因素.
主要成果:
- 对aMED和PDI的更高坚持与便秘风险降低有关 (分别降低了16%和20%的风险).
- 观察到便秘的风险增加与更高的坚持实证饮食炎症模式 (24%的风险增加),西方饮食 (22%的风险增加) 和低碳水化合物饮食 (3%的风险增加).
- 即使考虑到总纤维和超加工食品摄入量,这些关联仍然很重要. 蔬菜和坚果的消费,aMED和PDI的关键组成部分,显示出一种保护作用.
结论:
- 富含植物性食物和健康脂肪的饮食模式似乎可以防止慢性便秘的发展.
- 研究结果支持饮食干预的潜在作用,强调植物性食物,在控制和预防便秘.
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