新辅助化疗或无手术前免疫疗法用于局部晚期直肠癌:一个系统审查和元分析
Xuefeng Cheng1, Jie Yang1,2, Yu Shen1
1Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
Updates in surgery
|July 5, 2025
概括
将手术前免疫疗法添加到标准化疗和放射治疗中,可显著改善局部晚期直肠癌 (LARC) 患者的病理完整反应率. 这种组合疗法增强了瘤回归而不会增加重大不良事件,提供了一个有前途的新治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
背景情况:
- 局部晚期直肠癌 (LARC) 治疗通常涉及新辅助化学放射治疗 (nCRT) 或短期放射治疗 (SCRT).
- 纳入免疫治疗后的nCRT/SCRT是LARC的一个新兴的治疗方法.
- 评估这种联合方式的疗效和安全性对于临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估结合nCRT/SCRT与LARC手术前免疫治疗的疗效和安全性.
- 为了比较治疗组之间的病理完整响应 (pCR) 率和瘤回归度 (pTRG).
- 分析接受联合治疗与单独标准治疗的患者中主要不良事件 (3-4级) 的发生率.
主要方法:
- 在2024年12月1日之前进行了系统的文献审查,搜索了包括PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Google Scholar和Embase在内的数据库.
- 包括的研究是随机对照试验和回顾性研究,比较nCRT/SCRT+免疫疗法 (IMT) 与单独的nCRT/SCRT.
- 主要结局是pCR率,次要结局包括pTRG和主要不良事件.
主要成果:
- 聚合的pCR率在nCRT/SCRT+IMT组 (40.6%) 与单独使用nCRT/SCRT组 (22.5%) 相比显著更高 (RR=1.68,p=0.01).
- 在补充免疫治疗时,pTRG 0-1率也显著改善 (69.0%对47.1%,RR=1.43,p<0.001).
- 在两组中,3-4级不良事件的发生率是可比的 (31.4%对25.9%,p=0.20).
结论:
- 术前免疫疗法与标准nCRT/SCRT相结合,在精选的LARC患者中显示出改善瘤回归和更高的pCR率.
- 这种组合治疗似乎是安全的,与治疗相关的重大不良事件没有显著增加.
- 这些发现表明,手术前免疫疗法是对标准nCRT/SCRT用于LARC管理的有希望的补充.
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