暴露于两种抗原上不同的SARS-CoV-2变体会扩大中和模式
Melanie M Schmitt1, Annika Rössler2, Antonia Netzl3
1Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Vaccine
|July 5, 2025
概括
连续严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 暴露会增强现有的免疫力并扩大抗体反应. 然而,随后的变种暴露主要增强交叉反应性,而不是诱导新的变种特异性抗体.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 之前暴露于严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 变种,塑造了随后的中和抗体反应.
- 连续暴露往往会加强先前存在的免疫力,并扩大交叉中和抗体,具有有限的诱导 de novo 变种特异性反应.
研究的目的:
- 在正确两次暴露后,分析针对各种SARS-CoV-2变体的中和抗体反应.
- 调查抗原特异变体暴露对中和幅度和特异性的影响.
- 探索在SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种中免疫印记的现象.
主要方法:
- 对血样本中的中和抗体的分析来自具有定义双重暴露史的个体 (奥米克龙前/奥米克龙前,奥米克龙前/奥米克龙,奥米克龙/奥米克龙).
- 对一组SARS-CoV-2变种的抗体中和的评估.
- 耗尽实验,以确定初始变体暴露对抗体特异性的影响.
主要成果:
- 暴露于两种抗原上不同的变体 (例如,前Omicron之后Omicron) 增加了抗体中和幅度.
- 针对与人体冠状病毒SARS-CoV.密切相关的人类冠状病毒,没有引发显著的交叉中和.
- 抗体特异性受到第一个变体暴露的强烈影响,第二次暴露主要扩大了交叉反应性抗体,而不是诱导新的变体特异性反应.
结论:
- 多次暴露于SARS-CoV-2增强了对各种变体的交叉中和,证明了扩大免疫力.
- 免疫印记的现象是显而易见的,在这种情况下,初始暴露决定了对随后的变种遭遇的抗体反应概况.
- 在先前暴露后,对最近遇到的SARS-CoV-2变体进行de novo抗体生产的能力有限.
相关概念视频
00:42Cross-reactivity
31.5K
Overview
31.5K
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
813
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
813
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
931
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
931