肠道微生物群的新陈代谢可塑性,以应对不同的饮食在糖分负载在一个随机,交叉,受控养研究中的饮食
Meredith Aj Hullar1, Orsalem Kahsai1, Keith R Curtis1
1Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
The American journal of clinical nutrition
|July 6, 2025
概括
饮食模式显著改变肠道微生物的新陈代谢和基因表达,影响宿主健康. 低血糖负荷饮食会影响L-lysine生物合成,而高血糖负荷饮食会影响hexitol发酵.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 代谢研究的研究.
背景情况:
- 低血糖,最小加工的植物性饮食与降低慢性疾病风险有关.
- 了解饮食对肠道微生物群的影响对健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较低血糖负载 (LGL) 与高血糖负载 (HGL) 饮食对肠道细菌社区结构和新陈代谢的影响.
- 研究不同的饮食模式如何影响微生物基因表达和酶活性.
主要方法:
- 一项交叉控制的养研究,涉及69名健康参与者.
- 使用了16S rRNA基因,元基因组和元转录组测序.
- 生物信息分析用于识别细菌属,物种,基因,转录和代谢途径.
主要成果:
- 在LGL和HGL饮食之间,整体肠道微生物社区结构 (α和β多样性) 没有显著差异.
- 特定的细菌属和物种丰富程度在饮食之间有所不同.
- 对于赫西发酵 (HGL) 和L-氨酸生物合成 (LGL) 途径的基因表达显著差异.
- 表达的碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes) 的β多样性不同,反映了饮食成分 (添加剂与植物化学品).
- 胰岛素抵抗 (HOMA-IR) 和细菌脂肪酸生物合成途径之间的相互作用因饮食而异.
结论:
- 饮食显著影响肠道微生物的新陈代谢和酶活性,但不影响健康个体的整体微生物多样性.
- 饮食成分在激活特定细菌基因表达中起着关键作用,影响宿主代谢.
- 强调饮食选择在调节肠道微生物组功能和宿主健康结果方面的重要性.
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