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含有素丰富的三序列的脂的多种纳米结构和抗菌活性

Ian W Hamley¹, Valeria Castelletto¹, Callum Rowding¹

¹School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK. I.W.Hamley@reading.ac.uk.

|July 7, 2025

概括

脂中的中央芳香残留物显著影响自组装成纳米管或纳米带,影响其抗菌活性. 这项研究强调了三序列在脂结构和功能中的关键作用.

科学领域:

超分子化学超分子化学
材料科学材料科学材料科学
生物材料工程生物材料工程

背景情况:

脂是一种两性分子,在医学和材料科学中具有潜在的应用.
脂的自我组装行为对于它们的功能性质至关重要,包括生物活性.
以前的研究表明,氨基酸序列的变化可以大大改变脂的自我组装和抗菌活性.

研究的目的:

为了比较三种具有氨酸丰富三序列的脂的自我组装,构造和生物活性:C16-KFK,C16-KWK和C16-KYK.
研究中央芳香残留物对纳米结构形成和抗菌性能的影响.
了解脂结构,自我组装和生物活动之间的关系.

主要方法:

三种脂的合成和表征:C16-KFK,C16-KWK和C16-KYK.
小角度X射线散射 (SAXS) 和纤维X射线衍射以确定纳米结构和分子排列.
循环二重化 (CD) 光谱和提奥夫拉T光,以评估二次结构 (β-sheet) 和临界聚合度 (CACs).
测量表面张力以确认表面活性剂的行为并确定CAC.
对人类纤维细胞的细胞毒性测试和对格拉姆阴性和格拉姆阳性细菌的抗菌活性测试.

主要成果:

C16-KFK自组装成纳米管,而C16-KWK和C16-KYK形成纳米带,归因于中央芳香残留物的影响.
纳米管和纳米磁带都是由脂二层组成的,SAXS和X射线衍射证实了这一点.
所有的脂都采用了β叶结构,并表现出低细胞毒性. 然而,与相关类似物 (C16-WKK,C16-YKK) 相比,它们显示出意想不到的低抗菌活性.
与相关分子不同,这些脂在广泛的pH范围 (2-8) 中保持了β-叶结构,而不会从细胞过渡到纤维素.

结论:

三序列批判性地决定了脂的自我组装成不同的纳米结构 (纳米管与纳米磁带),并影响了它们的生物活性.
观察到的C16-KXK脂的低抗菌活性,尽管形成β片结构,与C16-XKK类似物形成鲜明对比,这表明组装曲率会影响细菌膜的破坏.
这些发现强调了脂自组合和抗菌功效对氨基酸序列微妙变化的敏感性.

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