总的新辅助免疫化疗用于熟练的不匹配修复或微卫星稳定的局部先进的直肠癌
Xing Li1, Ligong Tang1, Fangyuan Cheng1
1Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Frontiers in immunology
|July 7, 2025
概括
将PD-1抑制剂与全新辅助治疗 (iTNT) 结合起来,显著改善了直肠癌患者的完全响应 (CR) 率. 这种方法对观察和等待策略有希望,具有可管理的毒性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 胃肠道瘤学 胃肠道瘤学
- 结直肠癌研究 结直肠癌研究
背景情况:
- 在具有熟练不匹配修复或微卫星稳定 (pMMR/MSS) 瘤的患者中,局部晚期直肠癌 (LARC) 存在治疗挑战.
- 对于LARC的标准治疗方案通常涉及化学放射治疗,但正在探索新的方法来改善结果.
- 免疫疗法融入新辅助治疗方案是癌症护理领域快速发展的领域.
研究的目的:
- 评估在pMMR/MSS中将编程细胞死亡蛋白1 (PD-1) 抑制剂与全新辅助治疗 (iTNT) 结合在一起的疗效.
- 评估iTNT对完整响应率 (CR) 和观察和等待 (WW) 策略的可行性的影响.
- 在iTNT方法中比较不同的测序策略.
主要方法:
- 对从141名pMMR/MSS LARC患者前性收集的数据进行了回顾性分析.
- 患者被分为两组:短期放射治疗 (SCRT),其次是巩固性免疫治疗和化疗 (SCRT-IC),或诱导性免疫治疗,其次是SCRT和化疗 (IC-SCRT).
- 主要终点是完全响应率 (CR).
主要成果:
- 两种iTNT策略都实现了高CR率 (SCRT-IC为55.6%,IC-SCRT为53.6%) 和病态CR (pCR) 率 (两组均为50%).
- 在这两组中,有很大比例的患者 (每组17名患者) 是候选人,并成功接受了观察和等待 (WW) 管理.
- 虽然这两种疗法都有像血小板衰减和中性质衰减这样的毒性,但SCRT-IC组显示了略高的CR率和3-4级血小板衰减的发病率较低.
结论:
- 与历史数据相比,包含PD-1抑制剂的iTNT疗法显著提高了pMMR/MSS LARC的CR率.
- iTNT方法表明可接受的毒性概况,并支持潜在的观察和等待策略.
- 优先考虑SCRT接着免疫疗法 (SCRT-IC) 似乎是一个有希望的策略,需要在未来的试验中进一步调查.
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