在黑人美国人中,监禁和精神病急诊室访问黑人美国人
Abhery DAS1, Michael Esposito2, Tim A Bruckner3
1Health Policy and Administration, University of Illinois Chicago.
The Milbank quarterly
|July 7, 2025
概括
监禁率的增加和司法系统中的种族差异与黑人社区内精神病紧急情况的增加有关. 针对毒品法律和歧视的政策改革可能会改善心理健康结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 心理健康差异的差异
背景情况:
- 大规模监禁不成比例地影响黑人美国人,他们占监禁人口的40%,尽管不到15%的美国人口.
- 理论框架表明,高监禁率可能会减少社会资本,并对人口健康产生负面影响,特别是在有色人种社区.
- 现有的研究还没有充分探讨黑人监禁率,监禁中的种族差异和寻求帮助的精神病学行为之间的相关性.
研究的目的:
- 调查黑人美国人监狱和监狱监禁率和精神病急诊室 (ED) 访问之间的关系.
- 检查刑事法律体系中的种族不平等,以黑人与白人美国人的监禁比例来衡量,是否与精神病紧急情况有关.
- 从2006年到2015年,分析了美国10个州的404个县内的这些协会.
主要方法:
- 从2006年到2015年,利用县级数据,了解每年精神病医院急救诊所的访问情况以及黑人美国人的监禁率 (每10万人口).
- 采用非西班牙裔黑人与非西班牙裔白人监禁人口的比例作为刑事司法系统种族不平等的指标.
- 应用线性固定效应分析,控制社会经济因素 (贫困,失业),医疗保健基础设施 (医院数量) 和犯罪率 (暴力逮捕).
主要成果:
- 在黑人社区的监禁率和精神科ED访问之间发现了统计学上显著的积极关联;每10万人口中的每一个额外的监禁个体相当于访问增加了1.4% (p < 0.001).
- 监禁系统内的种族不平等的增加也与黑人美国人的精神病紧急情况的增加有关,显示相应比率变化增加了2.2% (p < 0.001).
- 这些发现表明,司法系统对黑人社区急性心理健康危机的溢出效应很大.
结论:
- 监禁的普遍影响延伸到黑人美国人经历的急性精神病紧急情况,突出了关键的公共卫生问题.
- 政策干预,包括药物改革和打击劳动力市场和住房歧视的措施,可以减轻以前被监禁的人的不良心理健康结果.
- 解决大规模监禁及其种族差异对于改善黑人社区社区层面的心理健康和福祉至关重要.
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