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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Published on: August 25, 2018

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电子烟使用与COPD风险的关联:系统性审查和元分析

Muhammed Shabil1, Ajay Malvi2, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

NPJ primary care respiratory medicine
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
概括

电子烟使用与患慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 的几率增加有关. 这一发现突出了与vaping相关的潜在呼吸风险,即使是前使用者.

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