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相关概念视频

Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Generation of Organotypic Raft Cultures from Primary Human Keratinocytes
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在增殖的角质细胞中追踪复制的HPV基因组.

Jonathan R Shin1, Ivan Avilov2, Mario Schelhaas2

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

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概括

研究人员开发了一种新方法来追踪活细胞中的人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 基因组. 这项技术可视化了HPV18基因组在细胞分裂期间的分裂,揭示了它与宿主染色体的连接,以便分发给子细胞.

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复制DNA复制DNA复制DNA复制这是一个HPVHPVHPV.人类乳头瘤病毒 人类乳头瘤病毒质细胞 (keratinocyte) 是一种细胞.活细胞是一种活细胞.发生线粒分裂 (mitosis).分区分区分区分区分区分区

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科学领域:

  • 病毒学 病毒学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 持续的人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染涉及病毒基因组复制和分离为小染色体.
  • 在活细胞中监测HPV基因组动态是具有挑战性的,因为基因组大小和结合表达盒的困难.
  • 了解HPV分区机制对于开发针对持久性感染的治疗点至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种用于检测和跟踪活细胞中的HPV18基因组的新方法.
  • 为了可视化HPV18基因组复制和分裂在增殖的角质细胞中的实时动态.
  • 阐明在细胞分裂过程中HPV18基因组分布到子细胞的机制.

主要方法:

  • 将ANCHOR技术的cis元素纳入HPV18基因组.
  • 从依赖HPV18的复制体中表达ParB-GFP蛋白的表达.
  • 使用分子工具通过光在活细胞中间接监测病毒存在.

主要成果:

  • 成功地实时跟踪在增殖角质细胞中复制HPV18-ANCH3基因组.
  • 在细胞分裂期间HPV18基因组分割的可视化.
  • 证明HPV18基因组附着在宿主染色体上,以便相对平等地分布在子细胞中.

结论:

  • 开发的基于ANCHOR的分子工具可以有效地监测活细胞中的HPV基因组动态.
  • 在细胞分裂过程中,HPV18基因组通过附着在宿主染色体上向子细胞分布.
  • 这项研究提供了对HPV基因组维护,结合和放大的见解,为潜在的治疗策略提供了信息.