遗憾和失望是否与符合规范和偏离规范的失败有不同的关联?
Mehmet Necip Tunç1, Mark J Brandt1,2, Marcel Zeelenberg1,3
1Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Cognition & emotion
|July 8, 2025
概括
决策规范性会影响对结果的情感反应. 符合规范的决定会导致更多的失望,而偏离规范的决定会导致更大的遗憾,而偏离规范的失败会引起更强烈的负面情绪.
科学领域:
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 个人经常将经历的结果与反事实可能性进行比较,当预期的结果优越时,会产生负面情绪.
- 一个决定的感知规范性 (是否与社会规范保持一致或偏离社会规范) 可能会影响决策结果的情感体验.
研究的目的:
- 调查一个决定的规范性 (符合规范与违反规范) 如何塑造情感体验,特别是遗憾和失望.
- 为了测试假设,规范偏差的决定引起更多的遗憾,因为责怪,和规范合规的决定引起更多的失望,因为更高的期望.
主要方法:
- 进行了五项预先注册的实验,参与者评估投资决策.
- 参与者阅读描述符合规范或偏离规范的投资选择的细节.
- 情绪反应,特别是遗憾和失望,使用评级表进行了测量.
主要成果:
- 与假设一致,符合规范的决策与比遗憾更大的失望有关.
- 偏离规范的决策与更大的遗憾相联系,而不是失望.
- 这些关联的效果大小很小 (M_r = 0.14).
- 与符合规范的失败相比,偏离规范的失败通常会引起更多的负面情绪反应.
结论:
- 一个决定的规范性显著影响了对其结果的情绪反应的类型和强度.
- 后悔与偏离规范的决策更为密切相关,这可能是由于归咎于责备.
- 失望与符合规范的决策更密切相关,可能反映了未满足的期望.
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