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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

453
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
453
Language Development01:22

Language Development

456
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
456
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.0K
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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在发育性语言障碍中测量语言特异性大脑功能的一种方法.

Caroline Larson1, Jason C Crutcher2, Hannah R Thomas2

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

Acta psychologica
|July 8, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究使用了自适应性fMRI任务和贝叶斯分析来调查发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 中的大脑功能. 结果揭示了DLD中右半球网络差异,为这种神经发育状况提供了新的见解.

关键词:
大脑功能 大脑功能发育性语言障碍 发育性语言障碍语言 语言 语言 语言

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 语言学的语言学.

背景情况:

  • 在发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 中描述大脑功能是具有挑战性的,因为任务执行的个体变化.
  • 目前关于DLD脑功能现有的证据有限,需要改进的方法.
  • 了解DLD的神经基础对于提供理论和临床模型的信息至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在fMRI期间使用适应性语义匹配范式在DLD个体中表征语言特异性大脑功能.
  • 采用适合小型临床样本的贝叶斯分析方法.
  • 为了解决之前的DLD神经成像研究中的方法限制.

主要方法:

  • 一个适应性的语义匹配范式,在fMRI过程中使用单词相似性和符号字符串判断.
  • 一个适应性的任务难度调整 (2-上-1-下楼梯) 控制个人性能变化.
  • 贝叶斯分析,包括模型比较和二级通用线性模型,应用于来自DLD青少年的fMRI数据 (n=5) 和神经类型对照 (n=12).

主要成果:

  • 在右半球的正面,时间和语义语言同类网络中观察到大脑激活的群体差异.
  • 在左半球语言网络中或在不同组之间的大脑侧向化中没有发现可靠的差异.
  • 适应性范式成功地引出了特定语言的功能,同时控制了任务性能变化.

结论:

  • 该研究引入了适应性fMRI范式和强大的贝叶斯分析方法,用于小型,异质的临床样本.
  • 这些方法上的进步可能有助于区分DLD研究中的变异性来源,例如任务性能与固有的DLD特征.
  • 采用这些方法的未来研究可能会对DLD的神经生物学产生重大见解.