使用现实世界医疗保健数据,构建针对严重精神疾病风险的超大规模查工具
Dianbo Liu1, Karmel W Choi2, Paulo Lizano3
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Schizophrenia research
|July 8, 2025
概括
机器学习模型可以使用医疗保险索赔和电子健康记录 (EHR) 预测严重精神疾病 (SMI) 风险. 这种可扩展的方法使得早期干预和治疗的大规模SMI查成为可能.
科学领域:
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人口健康管理 人口健康管理
背景情况:
- 严重的精神疾病 (SMIs) 影响约3%的美国人口,需要早期干预的可扩展风险查.
- 目前的查方法可能不足以进行大规模的人口评估.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证可扩展的基于机器学习的工具,用于对中小企业的人口层面风险查.
- 用医疗保险索赔和电子健康记录 (EHR) 来评估预测模型的性能.
主要方法:
- 构建并测试了机器学习预测模型,使用来自全国保险索赔 (774万成员) 的病例控制队伍和来自美国八所学术医院的EHR数据.
- 分析了跨数据源的模型性能和针对特定场景的微调模型,例如预测年轻成年人和有物质使用条件的个体的SMI风险.
主要成果:
- 模型在保险索赔数据上的AUCROC为0.76 (特异性为79.1%,灵敏度为61.9%),在EHR数据上的AUCROC为0.83 (特异性为85.1%,灵敏度为66.4%).
- 微调模型的性能优于预测年轻成年人12个月SMI风险的基准方法,但在索赔数据中,对有物质使用条件的个人表现较差.
结论:
- 使用医疗保险索赔或EHR数据的机器学习模型可用于大规模的SMI查一般人群.
- 证明了跨数据源的概括性,表明在某种类型的现实世界医疗数据上训练的模型可以转移到另一个类型 (例如,对EHR的索赔,反之亦然).
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