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相关概念视频

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

14.7K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
14.7K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

36.9K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
36.9K
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

9.1K
Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
9.1K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.3K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.3K
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

23.6K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
23.6K

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A mitotic bookmark coordinates transcription and replication in Drosophila embryos.

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Selfish mutations promote age-associated erosion of mtDNA integrity in mammals.

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Stepwise modifications of transcriptional hubs link pioneer factor activity to a burst of transcription.

Nature communications·2023
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Mitigation of age-dependent accumulation of defective mitochondrial genomes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
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Temporal control of late replication and coordination of origin firing by self-stabilizing Rif1-PP1 hubs in <i>Drosophila</i>.

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Interphase-arrested Drosophila embryos activate zygotic gene expression and initiate mid-blastula transition events at a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

14.1K

一个线粒体的书签协调转录和复制.

Chun-Yi Cho, Patrick H O'Farrell

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |July 9, 2025
    PubMed
    概括

    为了防止DNA复制和转录之间的碰撞,Brd4将线粒染色体作为书签. 在亚纳相进入时,Cdc7被招募来启动复制和删除书签,确保转录以后开始.

    科学领域:

    • 分子生物学分子生物学
    • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
    • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

    背景情况:

    • DNA复制叉和转录之间的碰撞对基因组稳定性构成威胁.
    • 在早期的Drosophila胚胎中,复制在线粒分裂后立即开始,而转录在3分钟后开始.

    研究的目的:

    • 研究Brd4和Cdc7在早期Drosophila胚胎发生过程中协调复制和转录中的作用.
    • 确定复制和转录启动的时间顺序如何最大限度地减少碰撞.

    主要方法:

    • 使用Drosophila melanogaster作为一个模型生物.
    • 研究了Brd4在线粒染色体上的持久性.
    • 研究了Brd4.4对Cdc7的招聘情况.
    • 评估Cdc7抑制对复制时间和转录的影响.

    主要成果:

    • Brd4 存在于线粒染色体上,作为转录的书签.
    • 在阿纳相进入时,Brd4招募了Cdc7,以确定早期复制区域.
    • Cdc7活动删除了Brd4的书签,推迟了转基因后的转录.
    • 抑制Cdc7延迟了复制,稳定了Brd4的标记,并导致过早的转录与延长缺陷.

    更多相关视频

    Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
    08:06

    Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

    Published on: January 19, 2017

    8.6K
    G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
    06:40

    G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

    Published on: March 22, 2018

    5.9K

    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

    Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
    17:14

    Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

    Published on: December 10, 2012

    14.1K
    Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
    08:06

    Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

    Published on: January 19, 2017

    8.6K
    G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
    06:40

    G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

    Published on: March 22, 2018

    5.9K

    结论:

    • Cdc7触发了Brd4中的功能开关,强制执行复制和转录启动的时间顺序.
    • 这种时间顺序将复制分叉和转录之间的碰撞最小化.
    • 该机制可以解释转录活动和早期复制之间的相关性.