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重力训练对耐力骑自行车运动员表现的生理决定因素的影响:一个系统的综述与元分析

Cristian Llanos-Lagos¹, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo^2,3,4, Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal⁵

¹Physical Performance Sports Research Centre (PPSRC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41704, Seville, Spain.

European journal of applied physiology

|July 9, 2025

概括

重力训练通过提高骑自行车效率和无氧功率显著提高耐力骑自行车的性能. 然而,这种情况发生在最大氧气吸收或最大代谢稳定状态没有变化的情况下,证据的确定性很低.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
运动生理学运动生理学
骑自行车表现骑自行车表现

背景情况:

耐力自行车的性能取决于最大的氧气吸收 (VO2max),最大的代谢稳定状态 (MMSS),无氧贡献和自行车效率.
力量训练可以增强这些生理决定因素,但重力训练 (≥80% 1RM) 的具体影响仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

系统地审查和元分析重力训练对耐力自行车表现的生理决定因素的影响.

主要方法:

在PubMed,Web of Science和Scopus进行了系统的搜索,对18岁以上的耐力骑自行车者进行了受控研究.
重力训练干预 (≥3周) 与只进行自行车耐力训练的对照组进行了比较.
分析评估了对VO2max,功率与VO2max比率 (pVO2max),MMSS,自行车效率,无氧容量/功率和自行车性能的影响,并进行了GRADE确定性评估.

主要成果:

包括17项研究,共有262名参与者,干预时间为5-25周.
与对照组相比,重力训练显著提高了自行车效率 (ES=0.353),无氧功率 (ES=0.560) 和自行车性能 (ES=0.463).
没有观察到对VO2max,pVO2max,MMSS或无氧容量的显著影响,对大多数结果的证据确定性较低.

结论:

重力训练可以提高耐力骑自行车的表现,可能是通过提高骑自行车效率和无氧功率.
这些性能增长是独立于VO2max,pVO2max,MMSS或无氧容量的变化而发生的.
证据的确定性较低,限制了对骑自行车运动员实施重力训练的最终建议.

关键词:

同步培训是指同时进行的培训.循环效率循环效率是指循环效率是指循环效率.耐力自行车骑行耐力自行车骑行阻力训练阻力训练阻力训练

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