在木匠中对外骨架辅助的空头工作进行技术现场评估
Mikkel Brandt1, Sandra Schade Jacobsen1, Sebastian Skals1
1National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Applied ergonomics
|July 9, 2025
概括
被动肩部外骨架可以减少木匠在空中工作时的肌肉紧张. 然而,它们可能会增加腰部肌肉活动,需要仔细考虑,以便在建筑中广泛采用.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 人体工程学就是人体工程学.
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 木匠经常执行空中任务,导致潜在的肌肉骨应变.
- 实验室研究表明,外骨可以减轻压力,但现实世界的有效性尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估被动肩部外骨架对木匠在空中工作期间肌肉活动和动力学的影响.
- 评估肩部外骨架在建筑环境中的实际有效性和可用性.
主要方法:
- 一项随机交叉现场研究,涉及20名木匠执行空中任务.
- 在肩膀,前臂和腰部肌肉中测量正常化电肌图 (nEMG).
- 关节运动范围和峰值角度的动力学分析.
主要成果:
- 肩膀 (-3.1%至-9.4%) 和前臂的峰值肌肉活动减少.
- 在使用外骨架时增加下背肌肉活动 (2.3%至3.4%).
- 观察到的运动范围 (<3.1°) 和峰值关节角度的最小变化;参与者报告的良好可用性.
结论:
- 被动肩部外骨架可以减轻肩部和前臂的负荷,在实际施工环境中的空中作业.
- 增加下背负荷的可能性需要进一步的调查和仔细的实施策略.
- 外骨有望改善建筑业的职业安全,但对生物机械效应的整体方法至关重要.
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