青少年运动员的心电图变化与性别,年龄和运动类别相关
Łukasz A Małek1, Mariusz Dotka2, Kinga Brzezińska2
1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. lukasz.malek@awf.edu.pl.
Pediatric cardiology
|July 9, 2025
概括
年轻运动员通常会因为训练而出现适应性心电图 (ECG) 变化,如鼻肌梗塞. 这些心电图变异与年龄,性别和运动有关,发现的高风险条件很少.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 在年轻运动员中,定期的体育活动会诱导心血管适应.
- 心电图 (ECG) 变化是这些生理训练适应的常见指标.
- 了解这些变化对于准备入学评估的准确解释至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了将心电图 (ECG) 结果与年轻运动员的人口 (年龄,性别) 和运动特定因素相关联.
- 区分正常训练适应和潜在的ECG病理发现.
- 增强接受准备入学评估的青少年运动员的临床决策能力.
主要方法:
- 对600名健康的高加索儿童 (5-17岁) 的静止心电图进行了回顾性分析.
- 在准备入学评估 (PPE) 期间收集的数据,包括病史,体检和心电图.
- 统计分析以确定特定心电图发现的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 常见的适应性心电图变化包括鼻肌梗塞 (<60/分钟,24.2%),不完整的右捆分支阻塞 (iRBBB,15.5%) 和鼻失常 (SA,11.8%).
- 显著的胸 (<50/分钟) 观察到3.5%;高风险条件 (例如,预兴奋) 仅在0.33%中发现.
- 年龄,性别和运动类别独立预测了鼻肌梗塞;性别和年龄预测了iRBBB和早期再极化.
结论:
- 适应性心电图变化在年轻运动员中普遍存在,受年龄,性别和训练强度的影响.
- 在这个人群中,临床显著或高风险的心电图异常的发生率很低.
- 这些知识有助于临床医生区分青少年运动员的生理适应和病理状况.
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