古老的环境DNA表明人类对工业化前冰岛海洋生物多样性的影响有限
Luke E Holman1, Emilia M R Arfaoui1, Lene Bruhn Pedersen1
1Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
概括
冰岛的海洋生物多样性在三千多年中保持稳定,尽管人类活动. 气候,而不是人类的影响,与鱼种群的变化相关,这表明人类对海洋生态系统的影响有限.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 古气候学 古气候学
- 古代DNA分析 古代DNA分析
背景情况:
- 人类活动在全球范围内对海洋生物多样性产生重大影响,改变了生态系统和社区结构.
- 了解这些变化需要区分人为影响与自然气候变化.
- 重建过去的海洋状态对于评估人类长期影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建冰岛三千年 (1315 BCE-1785 CE) 的海洋生物多样性.
- 研究自然气候波动和人类活动对海洋生物多样性的比较影响.
- 从海洋生态系统的气候变化中解脱人为影响.
主要方法:
- 从冰岛北部的两个沉积物核心中分析古代环境DNA (18S元编码).
- 整合当地气候记录,历史人口估计和动物园考古数据.
- 海洋生物多样性的重建和环境驱动因素的评估.
主要成果:
- 尽管人类人口和海洋利用不断增加,但没有观察到大规模的分类学转移或显著的人为生物多样性变化.
- 在鱼 (Clupea harengus) 检测率和重建的海面温度之间发现了正相关性.
- 气候似乎是塑造该地区海洋生物多样性模式的一个重要因素.
结论:
- 在研究的三千年期间,冰岛社会对海洋生物多样性的影响有限.
- 气候,特别是海面温度,在塑造海洋生物多样性方面比人类活动发挥了更重要的作用.
- 这些发现有助于了解人类对海洋生态系统的长期影响.
更多相关视频
09:06Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
Published on: July 3, 2016
8.2K
10:43Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
Published on: November 5, 2014
25.8K
相关概念视频
01:24Biodiversity and Human Values
13.4K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
13.4K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
40.1K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
40.1K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.9K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.9K
01:50Global Climate Change
24.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.8K
02:56The Fossil Record
25.7K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.7K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.7K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.7K