四轮方向盘无轨辅助运输机器人的稳定性和轨迹跟踪通过PID控制器进行控制
Mingrui Hao1, Yueqi Bi2, Jie Ren3
1Campus School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in robotics and AI
|July 10, 2025
概括
四轮方向盘系统显著增强了无轨自主运输机器人的性能.
科学领域:
- 机器人技术 机器人技术 机器人技术
- 机械工程 机械工程
- 汽车工程 汽车工程
背景情况:
- 地下煤矿具有狭窄通道的复杂环境,由于路径偏差,自主无轨辅助运输机器人的碰撞风险增加.
- 机器人的机动性对于机器人导航和在狭窄的采矿空间中的安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究四轮方向盘系统在提高无轨自主辅助运输机器人的机动性和安全性的有效性.
- 在各种操作场景中,比较四轮方向盘与传统前轮方向盘的性能.
主要方法:
- 为机器人开发一个线性两度自由度动力学模型.
- 实施四轮方向盘比例整合导数 (PID) 轨迹跟踪策略.
- 实验验证包括在负载条件下低速 (10公里/小时) 和高速 (40公里/小时) 的逐步转向角度和循环路径跟踪测试.
主要成果:
- 在低速 (10公里/小时) 时,四轮方向盘系统相比前轮方向盘减少了32.2%的转半径,促进通过狭窄道的通行.
- 高速运行 (每小时40公里) 经过四轮方向盘系统,显示出更好的操控稳定性.
- 循环路径跟踪显示半径误差明显较小:四轮方向盘的0.3% (低速) 和2.4% (高速),而前轮方向盘的2.12% (低速) 和8.74% (高速).
结论:
- 四轮方向盘系统提高了机器人的机动性和稳定性,在狭窄的地下采矿环境中.
- 该系统有效地降低了与道墙壁相撞的风险,从而提高了运营安全.
- 这些发现支持在具有挑战性的工业环境中采用自主机器人的四轮方向盘.
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