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相关概念视频

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Replication in Eukaryotes

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Overview
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

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在老年人细胞中,泰洛美重复含有RNA的增加.

Yu-Hung Hsieh1, Chin-Hua Tai1, Meng-Ting Yeh1

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.

Nucleic acids research
|July 10, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

端粒重复含有RNA (TERRA) 序列被完全测序和定量. 随着年龄的增长,TERRA水平会增加,在阿尔茨海默病中会升高,这将其与衰老和神经系统疾病联系起来.

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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol TRAP Assay
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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol TRAP Assay
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Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 端粒重复含有RNA (TERRA) 从子端粒区域转录到端粒.
  • 解读全长的TERRA序列一直是一个挑战.
  • TERRA在人类衰老和疾病中的作用在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了获取和注释全长的TERRA序列.
  • 开发一个用于定量 TERRA 的工具.
  • 调查TERRA与人类衰老和疾病的关联.

主要方法:

  • 采用TERRA捕获RNA测序 (RNA-seq) 和牛津纳米孔直接RNA测序来获得全长的TERRA.
  • 人类参考基因组T2T-CHM13被用于注释.
  • 一个生物信息学工具TERA-QUANT被开发用于从RNA-seq数据进行TERA量化.
  • 逆转录定量聚合酶链反应 (RT-qPCR) 和单细胞RNA-seq用于验证和细胞类型特定分析.

主要成果:

  • 标注了全长的TERRA转录,从数百个到超过一千个核酸.
  • TERRA主要来源于与H3K4me3,RNA Pol II,CTCF和R循环丰富的特定重复促进体.
  • 在血液,大脑和纤维细胞中,发现TERRA水平随着年龄的增长而增加.
  • 在老年白细胞和神经元中在人类胚胎干细胞分化过程中证实了TERRA上调.
  • 在阿尔茨海默病的早期阶段,在脑细胞中观察到TERRA水平升高.

结论:

  • 这项研究成功地注释了全长的TERRA转录区域,并开发了一个量化工具.
  • TERRA与人类的衰老过程有关,涉及多种组织类型.
  • TERRA对衰老的上调调节及其与阿尔茨海默病的关联表明它在与年龄相关的神经系统疾病中的潜在作用.