在COVID-19大流行期间罕见癌症的发生率:一项基于美国人口的研究
Cameron B Haas1, Jeremy Miller2, Meredith S Shiels1
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|July 10, 2025
概括
这项研究没有发现证据表明COVID-19在2021年增加了美国的癌症发病率. 虽然一些罕见的癌症出现了上升,但这可能是由于报告的变化,而不是大流行.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 媒体报道称,2021年罕见癌症发病率可能会增加,这与COVID-19大流行有关.
- 人们担心严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染的可能致癌效应.
- 这项研究旨在调查2021年美国癌症发病率趋势与流行前几年相比.
研究的目的:
- 确定2021年美国癌症发病率是否在统计学上显著增加.
- 将2021年的癌症发病率与2018-2019年的平均率进行比较.
- 评估COVID-19流行病与癌症发生的变化之间的潜在关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自监测,流行病学和最终结果 (SEER-22) 数据库的数据.
- 分析了693种独特的癌症类型,使用系统的分类方案,包括罕见的癌症.
- 计算的年龄标准化发病率比率 (aIRRs),将2021年与2018-2019年进行比较,其显著性由邦费罗尼校正的p值确定.
主要成果:
- 在693种癌症类型中,有9种在2021年显示出与2018-2019年相比的显著发病率增加,而之前没有增加.
- 这些包括特定的胸腺瘤亚型,卵巢颗粒细胞瘤,骨和软组织外围神经外皮瘤,色细胞瘤和偏角膜瘤.
- 这九种癌症类型的增加归因于癌症注册表报告实践的变化,而不是大流行;关键的癌症没有增加.
结论:
- 该研究的结果不支持2021年美国总体癌症发病率增加的原因是COVID-19大流行.
- 报告的特定罕见癌症的增加很可能是由于报告实践的改变.
- 建议继续监测癌症趋势,以检测COVID-19的潜在长期影响.
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