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患有焦虑症和没有焦虑症的年轻人之间,首次出现抑郁症的预测因素是否不同?
Alexander Grieshaber1, Greg Perlman2, Roman Kotov2
1Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University.
概括
童年焦虑障碍显著增加了以后抑郁症的风险. 然而,该研究发现,常见的风险因素不会改变这种关联,这表明焦虑症.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 年轻人的焦虑障碍是发展后来的抑郁障碍的重要危险因素.
- 尽管存在这种联系,但影响这种连续性并发症的具体因素仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查缓解儿童/青少年早期焦虑障碍与随后抑郁障碍发展之间的关联的因素.
- 检查一系列潜在的风险因素,包括生物,心理和社会变量.
主要方法:
- 对两个主要为白人郊区青年的样本进行了纵向研究 (N=504名女孩,N=437名儿童).
- 对6年 (样本1) 和从童年到18岁 (样本2) 的焦虑和抑郁障碍的评估.
- 对调节者的检查包括性别,症状概况,反,气质,人际功能,父母历史,育儿,奖励处理和皮质醇.
主要成果:
- 童年/青春期早期的焦虑障碍在青春期晚期/青春期早期增加了63%至90%的后续抑郁症的风险.
- 虽然有几种风险因素预测了首次出现的抑郁症,但没有一个因素能缓解先前焦虑对后来的抑郁症的影响.
- 抑郁症的预测因素在焦虑和非焦虑的年轻人中是相似的.
结论:
- 儿童/青少年早期的焦虑障碍是随后抑郁症的强烈预测因素.
- 确定的风险因素不会改变从焦虑到抑郁的途径,这表明焦虑史具有强大的影响.
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