乳牛热耐性育种:生产与生育特征的对比
M J Carabaño1, C Díaz1, M Ramón2
1Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Journal of dairy science
|July 10, 2025
概括
热应激对奶牛产量和生育能力产生负面影响. 这项研究发现,在正常条件下具有更高生产潜力的奶牛在热应激期间不一定更容易受到生育能力下降的影响,这表明为了耐热性而进行繁殖是可行的.
科学领域:
- 动物育种与遗传学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 热量压力对奶牛的生产力和生育能力产生重大影响,这给经济带来了挑战.
- 虽然牛奶产量下降是已知的热应激指标,但其与热应激下的生育能力的关系需要进一步调查.
- 在不同的热条件下,了解生产和生育特征之间的遗传相关性对于有效的育种策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在热中性 (TN) 和热应激 (HS) 条件下估计荷尔斯坦牛的牛奶产量和生育能力之间的关系的变化.
- 确定增殖策略,以提高适应高热量负荷,同时保持生产力和功能.
- 评估不同热负荷下生产和生育特征之间的遗传相关性.
主要方法:
- 分析了西班牙100,467头荷尔斯坦牛的牛奶产量,脂肪,蛋白质产量和受孕率 (CR) 记录.
- 使用温度湿度指数 (THI) 来量化与每个记录相关的热负荷.
- 采用了具有生产特性的随机回归和生育能力的断线函数的两种变异性 sire 模型来估计特征对热负荷的反应.
主要成果:
- 在TN条件下的生产特征水平与HS条件下的响应斜率之间观察到负遗传相关性.
- 在TN下降的产量特征和在HS下降的CR之间的遗传相关性几乎为零,这表明更高的生产潜力不会增加生育易感性.
- 在TN下生育率与HS下产量下降斜率之间的积极遗传相关性表明,在HS下产量损失较低的奶牛具有更好的TN生育率.
- 基于生产的耐热性和HS下的生育率下降之间的相关性是积极的,表明保持这两种特征的潜力.
- 随着热量负荷的增加,生育和生产特征之间的遗传相关性得到了改善,从TN下的负值转移到极端热下接近零.
结论:
- 为了耐热性而进行繁殖是可行的,因为在热中性条件下具有更高生产潜力的奶牛在热应激下不一定更容易受到生育能力下降的影响.
- 在热应激下保持生产力和生育水平的动物的选择是可能的,这是基于生产的耐热性和生育能力之间的正相关性所支持的.
- 专注于功能特征,如在热负荷下生育能力,可以帮助选择适应更好的热条件和持续高产量的动物.
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