合同主义道德认知:在三个层次的分析中,从规范到描述
1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science
|July 10, 2025
概括
专注于协议的合同主义道德理论,为理解道德认知提供了一个新的视角. 这种方法考察了道德.
科学领域:
- 道德认知科学道德的认知科学
- 伦理哲学的道德哲学
- 进化心理学 进化心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 传统的道德哲学包括后果论,伦理学和美德伦理学.
- 合同主义,将道德视为互利的协议,是实证道德认知研究的一个新焦点.
- 现有的研究主要研究基于规则和结果的道德推理.
研究的目的:
- 探讨合同主义框架对于理解道德认知的有用性.
- 在描述性道德叙述中采用合同主义理论的五个理由.
- 审查在进化,组织和过程层面对合同主义在道德认知中的作用的实证研究.
主要方法:
- 介绍当代的合同主义道德哲学.
- 通过合同主义原则构成的道德进化解释的审查.
- 检查资源理性合同主义及其对认知组织的影响.
- 对合同主义推理 (虚拟讨价还价,我们推理,普遍化) 在道德判断中的经验证据的分析.
主要成果:
- 进化论的解释越来越多地支持合同主义的道德基础.
- 资源理性合同主义表明,道德认知是为了在约束下有效寻求协议而组织的.
- 经验研究表明,虚拟讨价还价,我们推理和普遍化都参与了道德决策.
- 合同主义推理在道德认知中提供了第三条道路,超越了基于规则和结果的方法.
结论:
- 一个合同主义的镜头为推进道德的认知科学提供了一个富有成效的框架.
- 这种观点强调了基于协议的过程在道德认知中的重要性.
- 合同主义开辟了新的研究途径,补充了现有的理论,丰富了我们对道德判断和决策的理解.
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