基于RF和SVM模型的山地高速公路滑坡易感性的评估
Qingfeng He1, Shoulong Wu2, Xia Zhao3
1College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China. heqf@xust.edu.cn.
Scientific reports
|July 10, 2025
概括
道路的近距离显著增加了山区的山体滑坡风险. 这项研究使用机器学习模型绘制易感性图,发现随机森林更有效地识别高速公路附近的高风险区域.
科学领域:
- 地质科学 地质科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 遥感 遥感 遥感 遥感
背景情况:
- 由于地质复杂性,山区高速公路面临着严重的山体滑坡风险,威胁交通安全和基础设施.
- 评估山体滑坡易感性对于脆弱地区的有效风险管理和基础设施规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估中国G345国家公路Lizha-Jiezi路段的山体滑坡易感性.
- 为了比较随机森林 (RF) 和支持矢量机 (SVM) 模型在预测山体滑坡风险方面的性能.
- 确定影响滑坡发生的关键条件因素,特别是人为影响.
主要方法:
- 利用遥感和现场调查分析了11个条件因素:高度,斜率,侧面,曲率,石质学,断层距离,降雨量,距离河流,NDVI和距离道路.
- 开发了67个事件的山体滑坡清单,分为培训 (70%) 和验证 (30%) 数据集,仔细选择非山体滑坡点.
- 采用随机森林 (RF) 和支持矢量机器 (SVM) 模型进行灵敏度映射,并使用接收器操作特征 (ROC) 曲线进行验证.
主要成果:
- 道路距离被确定为对山体滑坡易受影响的最重要因素,表明强烈的人为影响.
- 随机森林模型的表现优于支向量机模型,实现了0.887的曲线下面面积 (AUC) 比0.735.5更高.
- 高滑坡易感区域主要在道路200米以内,与现场观测相关.
结论:
- 整合人为因素,特别是接近道路,对于在山区高速公路环境中准确地建模滑坡易感性至关重要.
- 随机森林模型为生成详细的山体滑坡易感性地图提供了可靠的框架,有助于有针对性的缓解和土地利用规划.
- 该研究为全球类似山区的山体滑坡风险评估和管理提供了可扩展的方法.
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