消除印度HIV垂直传播的进展和挑战
Pradeep Kumar1, Chinmoyee Das2, Vishal Deo3
1Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, India. drpradeep2014@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|July 10, 2025
概括
印度在消除垂直艾滋病毒传播方面取得了重大进展,到2023年,新的儿科感染和传播率将大幅下降. 早期识别和终身ART对艾滋病毒阳性母亲是实现这一目标的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究研究
背景情况:
- 印度国家艾滋病和性传播疾病控制计划-V (NACP-V) 旨在消除垂直艾滋病毒传播 (EVTH).
- 监测实现EVTH目标的进展对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
- 了解传染动态,包括事件感染,对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估印度在NACP-V.下到2023-24年实现EVTH目标的进展情况.
- 分析垂直艾滋病毒传播的关键指标,包括ART覆盖率,儿科艾滋病毒发病率和传播率.
- 评估干预措施对减少母婴艾滋病毒传播的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用Spectrum模型分析2023年国家级数据.
- 在孕妇中测量抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 覆盖率.
- 使用联合国艾滋病规划署和世卫组织的定义计算每年儿童艾滋病毒病例发病率和最终垂直传播率.
主要成果:
- 据估计,2023年通过垂直传播发生了2350例新的儿科艾滋病毒感染.
- 其中44%的传播与怀孕和哺乳期妇女发生的HIV感染有关.
- 每10万活产儿的儿科艾滋病毒发病率从2019年的25.2下降到2023年的10.4.
- 最终的垂直传输率从2019年的25.28%下降到2023年的11.75%.
结论:
- 印度在消除垂直艾滋病毒传播方面取得了重大进展.
- 对HIV阳性母亲的早期发现和终身ART对于预防新的儿科感染至关重要.
- 需要对安全实践,重复测试和养实践等干预措施进行进一步的研究,以告知政策决策并加速EVTH.
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