外场驱动的自适应电磁波响应材料:从机制到应用
Guansheng Ma1,2,3,4, Jing Li5, Yuefeng Yan1,2,3
1National Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 11, 2025
概括
先进的材料通过响应外部力量,温度或电场,提供可调节的电磁波屏蔽和吸收. 这些适应性解决方案克服了下一代电子设备的静态材料的局限性.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 电磁学 电磁学 电磁学 电磁学
- 纳米技术 纳米技术
背景情况:
- 电子设备和无线通信的指数式增长增加了电磁干扰 (EMI).
- 传统的静电电磁波屏蔽材料在适应性方面存在局限性.
- 需要具有自适应电磁波屏蔽和吸收能力的先进材料.
研究的目的:
- 审查可调节的电磁波屏蔽和被外部场所控制的吸收材料的最新发展.
- 系统地分析EM波响应控制的各种调节机制.
- 评估这些材料如何解决传统静态解决方案的局限性.
主要方法:
- 对力控制机制 (压缩,旋转,拉伸) 的分析.
- 检查热控制的机制 (相变,热膨胀).
- 基于电场驱动和低波长结构的方法的研究.
- 对诸如多孔碳,聚合物复合材料,元材料,元表面,相变材料和磁电复合材料等材料的审查.
主要成果:
- 材料在传输,吸收和反射之间显示可切换的状态.
- 可调节频率的特性是通过外部场控制实现的.
- 多孔的碳和聚合物复合材料在变形时调整电磁反应.
- 超材料和超表面通过定制的共振和可重新配置的几何形状提供精确的电磁波控制.
- 换相材料和磁电复合材料使屏蔽,吸收和传输模式之间的可逆切换成为可能.
结论:
- 可调节的电磁波屏蔽和吸收材料提供动态响应控制.
- 这些先进的材料克服了静态溶液的局限性.
- 对于下一代EM波功能材料存在关键的挑战和机遇.
相关概念视频
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
3.4K
Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
3.4K
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves
4.0K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
4.0K
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations
4.1K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
4.1K
Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation
2.4K
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (the highest point) or troughs (the lowest point) in the wave. Frequency is the...
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (the highest point) or troughs (the lowest point) in the wave. Frequency is the...
2.4K
Electromagnetic Waves
9.3K
James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
9.3K
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II
3.6K
Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
3.6K


