不同饮食模式对1型糖尿病葡萄糖管理的影响:随机对照试验的系统审查和元分析
Jiayi Zeng1,2, Miranda Beck1, Afroditi Alexandra Barouti3,4
1Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
EClinicalMedicine
|July 11, 2025
概括
富含纤维的饮食可以改善血糖控制,并减少1型糖尿病的低血糖症. 限制碳水化合物也增加了时间范围和胰岛素需求,但长期影响需要进一步研究.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 代谢障碍 代谢障碍 代谢障碍
背景情况:
- 有效的葡萄糖管理对于预防1型糖尿病并发症至关重要.
- 对1型糖尿病的最佳饮食方法尚不清楚.
- 营养治疗在控制1型糖尿病方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 评估各种饮食对1型糖尿病葡萄糖管理的影响.
- 综合有关HbA1c,时间范围 (TIR) 和低血糖的证据.
主要方法:
- 在2024年11月之前,对Medline,Embase和Cochrane图书馆进行系统搜索.
- 包括35项涉及儿童,青少年和患有1型糖尿病的成年人RCT.
- 使用RoB-2进行数据提取和偏差风险评估;使用随机效应模型进行元分析.
主要成果:
- 高纤维饮食 (≥35克/天) 降低了HbA1c和低血糖.
- 碳水化合物限制饮食 (≤45%的能量) 改善了TIR,CV和胰岛素需求,但不是HbA1c.
- 其他饮食 (高蛋白,低GI,无质,地中海,素食,间歇性禁食) 对血糖管理没有显著影响.
结论:
- 富含纤维的饮食与碳水化合物限制相结合,可以提高1型糖尿病的血糖控制.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索长期影响和其他饮食干预措施.
- 饮食模式显著影响1型糖尿病的葡萄糖管理结果.
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