研究参与创造性认知的语义控制机制中的与年龄相关的差异
Tanvi Patel1, Sarah E MacPherson2, Paul Hoffman2
1Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. tpatel@ed.ac.uk.
Memory & cognition
|July 11, 2025
概括
创造性思维依赖于语义控制,不同的方面支持分歧和收的思维. 年龄影响这些能力,老年人表现出更好的语义知识,年轻人表现出更强大的执行功能.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 创造性思维是一个复杂的认知过程,涉及多个系统.
- 语义控制过程在创造力中的具体作用尚未完全理解.
- 研究语义和执行功能的年龄相关差异对于理解整个生命周期的创造力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查语义知识和控制中的个人差异如何影响分歧和融合的创造性思维.
- 探索语义和执行能力的年龄相关变化及其对创造力的影响.
- 研究受控检索和语义选择在创造性思维中的不同作用.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及63名年轻人和64名老年人的研究.
- 语义知识的评估,语义控制 (受控检索,语义选择),执行功能和创造性思维 (分离和融合).
- 包括回归在内的统计分析,以确定创造性思维的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 年轻的成年人在执行功能方面表现出色;年长的成年人表现出卓越的语义知识,受控的检索和融合思维.
- 在不同的思维指标 (原创性,独特性) 中没有发现显著的年龄差异.
- 语义知识和执行更新预测了跨年龄组的融合思维,而语义控制只预测了年轻人的分歧思维.
结论:
- 不同和融合的思维可能取决于语义认知的不同方面.
- 语义控制过程是分歧思维的关键,特别是在年轻人中.
- 在创造力中语义和执行能力之间的相互作用在一生中发生变化,反映了与年龄相关的认知变化.
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