在智利工人中面部人类学的世俗趋势:对人体工程学呼吸器设计和适合面板适应的影响
Edgardo C Silva1, Héctor Ignacio Castellucci1, Roberto Camberes1
1Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Applied ergonomics
|July 11, 2025
概括
面部尺寸正在发生变化,智利工人表现出明显的面部尺寸增加,尤其是男性. 这影响了呼吸道防护设备 (RPE) 的适配,需要更新,针对特定人口的适配面板,以提高工人的安全性和舒适性.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 人体工程学就是人体工程学.
- 人类测量学 人类测量学.
背景情况:
- 呼吸道保护设备 (RPE) 的人体工程学适配对于工人保护和合规性至关重要.
- 当前的RPE设计往往依赖于过时或非本地的人类测量数据,导致适合性和有效性不佳.
- 缺乏最新的国家人体测量数据,使得包括智利在内的许多地区的RPE可用性受到损害.
研究的目的:
- 评估智利工人十年来面部尺寸的时间变化.
- 评估当前呼吸器适配测试面板与不断变化的工人面部形态的兼容性.
- 突出在RPE设计和适应测试中需要特定人群的人类测量数据的需要.
主要方法:
- 分析了两组智利数据集 (2013年手动测量,2024年3D面部扫描),其中包括2490名工人.
- 11个ISO标准面部尺寸与四个已建立的呼吸器适配测试面板 (LANL,NIOSH/ISO双变量,PCA) 的比较.
- 评估适合面板覆盖率和确定具有非最佳RPE适合性的人口群体.
主要成果:
- 在2013年至2024年期间观察到面部尺寸的显著增加,特别是在男性参与者中.
- 在智利工人群中,人们注意到面部形态变大的普遍趋势.
- NIOSH/ISO双变组显示了最高的覆盖率,而LANL全面组显示最不适合,特别是在最近的男性参与者中.
结论:
- 为有效设计和安装RPE,更新的,特定于人群的人类测量数据至关重要.
- 现有的呼吸器适配面板正在变得过时,由于匹配率下降,可能会危及工人安全.
- 该研究的方法提供了一种可扩展的方法,用于将RPE与当前工人的特点保持一致,对进口RPE的国家产生全球影响.
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