在超导量子位数组中同步检测宇宙射线和相关错误
Patrick M Harrington1, Mingyu Li2, Max Hays3
1Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. patrickmharrington@gmail.com.
Nature communications
|July 11, 2025
概括
宇宙射线导致超导量子比特中的相关错误,影响量子计算. 设计超导间隙可以使量子比特对抗这种辐射,这对于强大的量子错误纠正至关重要.
科学领域:
- 量子计算是一种量子计算.
- 量子错误纠正方法 量子错误纠正方法
- 超导量子比特是超导量子比特.
背景情况:
- 可扩展的量子信息处理依赖于稳定,寿命长的量子比特,通常需要量子错误纠正代码.
- 最近的超导量子比特实验显示出有问题的时空相关错误,可能是由电离辐射引起的.
- 传统的量子错误校正代码与这些间歇性,相关的错误作斗争.
研究的目的:
- 直接测量宇宙射线对超导量子比特的时空相关误差的贡献.
- 为了研究宇宙射线流和量子比特错误事件之间的关系.
- 探索减轻量子系统中宇宙射线诱导错误的方法.
主要方法:
- 同步监测宇宙射线探测器和10个超级量子比特的能量放松动态.
- 量子比特在5 × 5 × 0.35 mm3的芯片上的分布,用于全面测量.
- 分析量子比特对发生的宇宙射线及其二次粒子的反应.
主要成果:
- 宇宙射线以1/592 ± 41秒的速度诱导相关量子位误差,占所有此类事件的17.1 ± 1.3%.
- 量子比特显示出高灵敏度,对几乎所有发生的宇宙射线和二次粒子作出反应.
- 在约瑟夫森交叉点附近的超导隙的景观显著影响量子位对宇宙射线的敏感性.
结论:
- 宇宙射线是超导量子比特中相关错误的重要来源.
- 辐射硬化,特别是通过超导间隙工程,对于实现强大的量子错误校正至关重要.
- 这些发现强调了在设计容错量子计算机时需要考虑环境辐射的必要性.
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