在南极孤立期间短暂的灰色物质下降:睡眠,运动和认知的作用
David Roalf1, Mathias Basner2, Joanne C Beer3
1Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. roalf@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
NPJ microgravity
|July 11, 2025
概括
宇航员大脑结构的变化,包括关键区域的灰质损失,在为期12个月的南极任务中观察到. 更好的睡眠可以防止这些太空类似效应.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 太空飞行带来了相当大的心理和生理压力.
- 了解隔离,监禁和极端环境 (ICE) 的神经生物学影响对于宇航员健康和任务成功至关重要.
- 南极研究站作为长期太空任务的宝贵类型.
研究的目的:
- 在隔离,封闭和极端 (ICE) 环境中12个月的部署期间调查船员的大脑结构变化.
- 评估任务完成后这些大脑变化的可逆性.
- 探索环境因素 (如睡眠质量) 与观察到的大脑变化之间的潜在相关性.
主要方法:
- 磁共振成像 (MRI) 扫描在任务前,之后和任务结束五个月后对25名船员进行了扫描.
- 对照组25个人和4个"飞行幽灵"个人进行了扫描以进行比较.
- 使用统计分析来比较不同组和时间点之间的大脑结构指标.
主要成果:
- 在任务期间,在叶和叶,海马体,皮体和丘陵体中观察到显著的灰质减少.
- 全球白质量也减少了.
- 大多数大脑体积变化,除了丘脑,在任务5个月后恢复到基线水平. 大脑心室体积增加.
- 改善睡眠质量与减少大脑体积损失相关.
结论:
- 在隔离,限制和极端 (ICE) 环境中长时间逗留会导致可测量的结构性大脑变化.
- 这些变化似乎是部分可逆的,但泰拉马斯表现出持续的变化.
- 睡眠质量可能在减轻在此类任务期间大脑体积损失方面发挥保护作用.
- 对这些神经生物学适应的基础机制的进一步研究对于计划未来的长期太空探索至关重要.
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