高度的变化预测了100公里超级马拉松的表现.
Beat Knechtle1,2, Katja Weiss3, David Valero4
1Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland. beat.knechtle@hispeed.ch.
Scientific reports
|July 11, 2025
概括
高度显著影响100公里超级马拉松的表现,平面赛道更快. 赛道比赛产生了最高的速度,其次是公路,小径和山地跑步. 最快的跑者和比赛集中在非洲,中东和欧洲.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 生物机械工程 生物机械工程
背景情况:
- 100公里超级马拉松是一项受欢迎的耐力赛,但科学对赛道特征如何影响表现的理解有限.
- 之前的研究还没有全面分析地理和赛道特定因素对100公里超级马拉松比赛时间的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定最快100公里比赛的地点和精英跑步者的起源.
- 评估特定的比赛特征,如高度和赛道类型,对超级马拉松表现的影响.
- 评估与外部种族因素相比,个体运动员表现的相对重要性.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自全球2648场100公里比赛的317,312名独特跑步者的858,544场比赛记录 (1892-2022年).
- 利用描述性,推断性和预测性统计方法,包括机器学习XGBoost回归模型.
- 采用混合效应线性模型来确定个体运动员表现的相对影响.
主要成果:
- 高度是影响平均跑步速度 (0.85) 的最重要因素,其次是比赛的国家 (0.07),性别,年龄组,跑者原籍国和赛道特征 (全部为0.02).
- 赛道跑 (9.32公里/小时) 是最快的,其次是公路 (8.11公里/小时),小径 (6.21公里/小时) 和山 (5.74公里/小时). 平面赛道 (8.85公里/小时) 比丘陵赛道 (6.57公里/小时) 更快.
- 最快的跑者来自非洲和东欧国家;最快的比赛是在非洲,中东和欧洲,通常是室内或冠军赛.
结论:
- 高度是100公里超级马拉松表现的至关重要因素,超过了比赛地点和运动员人口统计等其他变量.
- 赛道类型极大地影响速度,赛道和平坦地形比步道,山地或山丘条件具有显著的优势.
- 地理因素,特别是快速赛车和跑者集中在特定地区,突出了环境和精英耐力表现之间的相互作用.
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