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相关概念视频

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...
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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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定义多路径繁殖目标和选择指数,以制定更有效的超细羊毛羊的繁殖计划.

Tingting Guo1,2, Wenhui Li3, Chao Yuan1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.

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概括

为阿尔卑斯美利诺羊制定了一项优化繁殖计划,重点关注超细羊毛特征和生长. 该计划提高了羊毛质量和选择精度,预计将在十年内取得显著的遗传收益.

关键词:
阿尔卑斯梅里诺羊群的羊是阿尔卑斯梅里诺羊.繁殖目标 繁殖目标遗传收益 遗传收益 遗传收益多特征选择指数多特征选择指数超细拉力应变是一种超细拉力应变.

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科学领域:

  • 动物科学动物科学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 羊的繁殖 羊的繁殖

背景情况:

  • 阿尔卑斯梅里诺羊因其超细细的羊毛而受到重视.
  • 优化育种计划对于提高羊毛质量和生产效率至关重要.
  • 现有的育种策略可能无法充分利用多种特征的遗传潜力.

研究的目的:

  • 为阿尔卑斯美利诺羊超细菌株开发一个优化的育种计划.
  • 确定关键的育种目标,并建立一个多特征选择指数.
  • 为了提高超细羊毛的特性和羊毛的整体质量.

主要方法:

  • 用于羊毛和生长特征的表型和遗传 (共变) 组件.
  • 定义了六个具有特定经济权重的繁殖目标.
  • 采用生态生物建模来比较索引集,并使用单个表型和半sib数据确定最佳选择索引.

主要成果:

  • 最佳指数包括平均纤维直径 (AFD),清洁毛皮重量 (CFW),纤维直径变化系数 (FDcv),主食长度 (YSL),年龄重量 (YWT) 和断奶重量 (WWT).
  • 预计10年的遗传收益包括AFD (-2微米),CFW (0.57公斤),SS (20N/ktex),YSL (0.6厘米),YWT (4.73公斤) 和WWT (0.38公斤) 的改善.
  • 推的公羊和母羊的使用期分别为3年和5年.

结论:

  • 开发的繁殖计划有效地提高了阿尔卑斯山美利诺羊的超细羊毛特征和选择精度.
  • 这项研究为优化羊养殖计划提供了一个强大的框架.
  • 讨论了加速遗传收益的策略,包括生殖效率和后代信息.