在双重用途的simmental牛中对经济重要特征进行基因组选择
Xiaoxue Zhang1, Dan Wang1, Menghua Zhang1
1College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|July 12, 2025
概括
基因组选择 (GS) 在双重用途的Simmental牛中提高了使用H阵列ssGBLUP的牛奶和繁殖特征的育种价值可靠性. 这种方法提高了牛养殖计划中关键生产特征的遗传评估准确度.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
- 动物育种 动物育种
背景情况:
- 基因组选择 (GS) 是现代动物育种中用于遗传评估的关键工具.
- 双重用途的牛养殖计划越来越多地利用GS进行常规的遗传评估.
- 在中国西北地区,simmental牛代表了繁殖研究的重要群体.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用A-array PBLUP和H-array ssGBLUP方法评估基因组选择的有效性.
- 评估遗传参数和基因组估计育种值 (GEBVs) 对于牛奶生产,繁殖和生长特征的可靠性.
- 确定H矩阵构造对双用途Simmental牛的遗传评估的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用限制最大概率 (REML) 方法进行遗传评估.
- 使用单特征模型与A数组PBLUP和H数组ssGBLUP.
- 分析了西门特牛 (1987-2022) 的牛奶产量,繁殖和生长数据.
主要成果:
- 遗传概率估计为牛奶的0.09-0.31,生殖的0.03-0.43和生长特征的0.13-0.43.
- 在整个种群中,GEBV可靠性增加了0.6-3.2% (牛奶),0.2-2.4% (繁殖) 和0.5-1.5% (增长).
- H-矩阵ssGBLUP改善了GEBV对牛奶 (1.6-4.0%) 和生殖 (0.4-3.6%) 的可靠性,但在基因型种群中降低了生长特征 (-12.0-17.0%).
结论:
- H-矩阵ssGBLUP提高了simmental牛的乳生产和生殖特征的遗传性和GEBV可靠性.
- 在生长特征方面,H矩阵ssGBLUP的益处不那么明显,特别是在较小的种群中.
- 这些研究结果支持将基因组遗传评估应用于西蒙特牛的繁殖,帮助选择和销售优秀的品种群.
相关概念视频
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.3K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.3K
01:43Incomplete Dominance
25.5K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
25.5K
01:46Types of Selection
41.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
41.5K
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
19.8K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
19.8K
02:46Genetic Screens
5.1K
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
5.1K
01:06Heritability
307
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
307