桥梁变形监测 结合3D激光扫描与多规模算法
Dongmei Tan1,2, Wenjie Li2, Yu Tao2
1Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572000, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
概括
本研究引入了一种用于桥梁监测的新型多尺度分析方法,比传统技术提高了精度和空间分辨率. 先进的方法可以精确检测变形,提高结构安全性和智能监控系统.
科学领域:
- 地理学工程 工程地质学
- 结构健康监测 结构健康监测
- 土木工程 土木工程是指土木工程.
背景情况:
- 传统的桥梁单点监控方法存在效率低下和空间分辨率有限的问题.
- 需要先进的技术来准确评估复杂的桥梁基础设施中的结构变形.
- 密集点云数据为桥梁结构的高分辨率分析提供了潜力.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证用于精确监测桥梁变形的多尺度分析方法.
- 整合多尺度模型对模型云比较 (M3C2) 算法与最小平方平面配合用于定量和定性分析.
- 提高桥梁安全监控系统的空间分辨率和准确性.
主要方法:
- 采用M3C2算法进行定性全场变形检测和最小正方形平面拟合用于定量特征提取.
- 通过莱卡RTC360扫描仪获得的密集点云 (>500点/m2) 用于中国湖北省的一座跨河桥.
- 实现了曲率适应级联无声化 (>98%的消除噪声) 和基于八树的数据预处理简化.
主要成果:
- 检测到显著的变形,包括左桥甲板区域的平均沉积量为8.2毫米.
- 观察到桥梁甲板的垂直变形趋势 (左下,右上) 和桥梁支柱的明显倾斜 (后支柱显示出更大的偏移).
- 实现了工程级准确度,甲板微沉积误差为±1.2mm,码头倾斜 ±2.8mm,符合中国和AASHTO标准.
结论:
- 拟议的多尺度方法,利用密集的点云和M3C2算法,实现分毫米空间分辨率 (0.5毫米) 复杂的桥梁监控.
- 这种方法显著提高了桥梁安全监控和智能系统的精度.
- 这些发现支持开发有针对性的干预措施,例如堆基础加强,以提高桥梁基础性能.
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