对直肠癌的个性化治疗方法:新辅助治疗的进展
Nussara Pakvisal1,2, Leontios Pappas1, Bennett A Caughey1
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mass General Brigham Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Journal of clinical medicine
|July 12, 2025
概括
针对局部晚期直肠癌 (LARC) 的个性化治疗正在发展. 总的新辅助疗法和分子分析正在改善结果,使得器官的保存和减少选择患者的毒性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 手术瘤学手术瘤学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 局部晚期直肠癌 (LARC) 管理传统上涉及新辅助化学辐射,随后是手术.
- 这种方法可以改善局部控制,但在系统性衰竭和与治疗相关的发病率方面存在局限性.
- 目前的趋势强调个性化,适应风险的策略,以平衡瘤结果与功能保护和毒性降低.
研究的目的:
- 审查LARC治疗的不断变化的格局.
- 突出全新辅助疗法 (TNT) 和基于响应的适应的好处.
- 讨论分子分析和新兴生物标志物在治疗个性化中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对LARC治疗策略的当前文献和临床试验数据的审查.
- 分析与传统的新辅助化学辐射,TNT和器官节约方法相关的结果.
- 探索分子标记 (例如,不匹配修复缺陷,微卫星不稳定性高) 以及它们对治疗选择的影响.
主要成果:
- 全新辅助疗法 (TNT) 增强了全身控制,改善了化疗的坚持,并促进了晚期直肠癌中器官的保存.
- 基于反应的治疗适应允许缓解升级,在选择的患者中可能忽略放射或手术,从而达到完全的临床反应.
- 免疫检查点抑制剂正在成为特定分子亚型 (dMMR/MSI-H) 的可行选择,可能避免辐射和手术.
结论:
- 个性化,适应风险的策略对于优化LARC管理至关重要.
- TNT和基于响应的降级代表了显著的进步,改善了结果并减少了毒性.
- 对预测生物标志物和新疗法的进一步研究对于持续个性化LARC治疗至关重要.
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