在精神分裂症和双相情感障碍中基于认知努力的决策:与临床症状和认知表现的关联
Logan D Leathem1, Deanna M Barch2, Erin K Moran3
1Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Psychiatry research
|July 12, 2025
概括
精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的退伍军人对奖励的认知努力较少. 精神分裂症患者表现出的努力折扣,将认知能力与这些障碍中的决策联系起来.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 动机缺陷和成本/收益分析受损在精神分裂症和双相情感障碍中很常见.
- 以前的研究模型奖励折扣与延迟和概率,但不是努力,在这些条件下.
- 了解基于努力的决策对于解决心理健康障碍中的认知缺陷至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在精神分裂症,双相情感障碍和对照患者中建模基于努力的折扣曲线.
- 调查努力折扣,认知表现和诊断之间的关系.
- 扩大折扣模型的应用以了解精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的决策异常.
主要方法:
- 使用认知努力折扣任务 (CogED) 来评估努力折扣.
- 模拟了三组努力折扣曲线的形状和斜率:精神分裂症 (n=35),双相情感障碍 (n=23) 和对照组 (n=32).
- 分析了患者组内的折扣率和认知表现之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 与对照组和双相情感障碍患者相比,患有精神分裂症的退伍军人表现出一条模糊的努力折扣曲线.
- 精神分裂症组将较低的主观价值赋予给低努力带来高回报的任务.
- 折扣率与认知能力相关;在两组患者中,更高的认知功能与更的折扣相关.
结论:
- 在精神分裂症和双相情感障碍中,基于努力的决策受损,观察到不同的模式.
- 认知障碍在这些疾病中出现的决策异常中起着重要作用.
- 折扣模型为精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的动机和认知缺陷背后的机制提供了宝贵的见解.
相关概念视频
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
125
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
125
Bipolar Disorder
148
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
148
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions
223
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
223
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
151
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
151
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
212
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
212
Decision Making
238
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
238


