什么时候,在哪里,以及猎物如何将反捕食者行为与自然和人为死亡风险相结合
Michael E Egan1, Abigail M Weber2, Nicole Gorman2
1Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6504, USA. michael.egan@siu.edu.
Movement ecology
|July 12, 2025
概括
白尾鹿优先考虑避免致命的人类威胁而不是肉食动物,改变他们的行为和空间使用. 鹿轮流移动状态为捕食者,但在夜间避免人类活动,显示复杂的风险反应.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态生态学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 猎物对掠食风险的行为反应对生态系统产生重大影响.
- 猎物可能会改变行为或避开区域,但决策标准仍然不清楚.
- 假设包括对捕食者狩猎模式,致命性,空间分布或时间风险模式的反应.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究白尾鹿 (Odocoileus virginianus) 对中等掠食者和人类风险的行为和空间反应.
- 测试鹿是否根据捕食者致命性,狩猎模式或风险时间/位置来优先考虑反应.
- 为了确定反应是否每天和每年有所不同.
主要方法:
- 使用GPS项圈追踪了69只白尾鹿.
- 收集了关于大猩猩,,人类修饰,猎人和道路分布的数据.
- 采用隐藏的马尔科夫模型和选择函数来分析行为状态变化和空间回避.
主要成果:
- 鹿转移到较慢的运动状态,以应对 mesopredators.
- 鹿在黄昏和夜间期间避免了人类的修改,但在白天选择了它.
- 空间利用与致命的人类来源最为密切相关,支持致命性假设.
结论:
- 白尾鹿优先考虑避免致命的人类风险,而不是肉食动物的存在.
- 肉食动物仍然影响鹿的行为状态,这表明它们对生态产生了重大影响.
- 时间回避模式突出了野生动物和人类修改的景观之间的复杂相互作用.
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