关于学校年龄儿童与语言和学习障碍相关的观测和感知功能影响的全面审查
Jérémy Perichon1, Marianne J Paul2, Damien Chabanal1
1Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Langage (UR 999), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
概括
这项研究阐明了发展性语言障碍 (DLD) 和特定学习障碍 (SLD) 的儿童的功能影响和损伤. 它提出了观察和感知功能影响 (OPFI) 模型,以更好地评估和干预.
科学领域:
- 儿科语音语言病理学
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 评估患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 和特殊学习障碍 (SLD) 的儿童缺乏评估功能影响的一致理论框架.
- 定义"功能影响"和"功能障碍"的模糊性阻碍了定制的干预措施和一致的临床实践.
- 现有的DLD和SLD评估工具并没有系统地建立在理论上的基础上,这导致了评估儿童日常运作的变化.
研究的目的:
- 澄清儿科DLD和SLD中的"功能影响"和"功能障碍"的概念.
- 识别和分类用于测量DLD和SLD的功能影响的关键维度和指标.
- 开发一个结构化的框架来评估DLD和SLD在学龄儿童的功能影响.
主要方法:
- 在六个主要数据库中对2013年1月至2023年11月期间发表的研究进行了范围审查.
- 选了1950份文件,其中包括53份用于使用诱导和演分析提取定性数据.
- 通过系统的搜索和定性分析,开发了一个新的概念框架,并对已识别的维度和指标进行分类.
主要成果:
- 建立了"观察"和"感知"功能影响的操作定义,区分这两个子类别.
- 确定了评估功能影响的五个综合类别:个人能力,个人因素,日常活动,社会关系和环境因素.
- 提出了一个新的结构框架,即观察和感知功能影响 (OPFI) 模型,用于评估功能后果.
结论:
- 区分观察到和感知到的功能影响可以提高对儿童有针对性干预的需求的理解.
- OPFI模型为语音语言病理学家和其他专业人员提供了一个明确的理论框架,以指导评估和干预实践.
- 将不同的观点 (家长,教师,儿童) 整合到评估中,对于全面了解功能影响和开发有效的个性化干预措施至关重要.
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