不平等的社区,不平等的技能:适应性功能和获得社区资源的机会
Allison E Gornik1,2, Christina E Love1,2, Alison E Pritchard1,2
1Center for Neuropsychological and Psychological Assessment, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount AveBaltimore, MD, USA.
概括
拥有更好的社区资源的孩子表现出更好的适应性功能. 更高的社区机会与更强的概念,社会和实践技能有关,强调环境对儿童发展的影响.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 社会经济因素 社会经济因素
背景情况:
- 儿童的适应性功能对于发展至关重要.
- 邻居的特点可以影响儿童的发展.
- 关于社区资源与适应性技能之间的联系,研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查社区资源与儿童适应性功能之间的关联.
- 探索学校质量,食物获取,绿地和住房如何影响适应能力.
主要方法:
- 利用来自6942名儿科门诊患者 (年龄在1-18岁) 的数据.
- 使用适应性行为评估系统第三版 (ABAS-3) 评估适应性功能.
- 使用儿童机会指数 (COI) 量化社区机会.
主要成果:
- 在机会较高的社区的孩子在所有领域都有明显更好的适应性功能.
- 那些在社区优势的前40%的人表现优于底层的60%.
- 邻居和家庭的财务资源预测了适应能力,独立于儿童的人口统计学.
结论:
- 社区资源与儿童的适应性功能有积极的关联.
- 支持性环境可以增强练习适应性技能的机会.
- 公共卫生倡议和政策应解决社区资源差异.
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