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衰老β细胞的人类和小鼠亚种群通过可向的膜信号传递诱导病理功能障碍
Kanako Iwasaki1, Priscila Carapeto1, Cristian Abarca1
1Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|July 14, 2025
概括
胰腺β细胞中的细胞衰老驱动糖尿病. 用JAK抑制剂向特定的衰老细胞亚群恢复了小鼠和人类模型中的β细胞功能.
科学领域:
- 细胞和分子生物学 细胞和分子生物学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 细胞衰老,一种不可逆转的增长停止状态,影响胰腺β细胞功能.
- 贝塔细胞衰老与衰老和胰岛素抵抗有关,在糖尿病进展中发挥作用.
- 衰老细胞表现出异质性,需要更深入的理解治疗开发.
研究的目的:
- 研究衰老的胰腺β细胞的表型和功能异质性.
- 识别衰老β细胞的不同亚种群及其分泌特征.
- 探索针对糖尿病老化β细胞的治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 以基于Cdkn1a和Cdkn2a表达来识别衰老的β细胞亚群.
- 流细胞计,空间转录组学和空间蛋白质组学用于详细的细胞表征.
- 使用小鼠和人类小岛的体外和体外模型来评估β细胞功能和衰老诱导.
主要成果:
- 确定了两个不同的衰老β细胞亚种群,其特征是Cdkn1a和Cdkn2a的表达.
- 表达Cdkn1a的衰老β细胞显示葡萄糖反应受损和高基底胰岛素分泌.
- 来自Cdkn1a+细胞的分泌因子诱导了二次衰老和β细胞功能障碍,影响邻近的细胞.
- JAK抑制剂 (JAK1/2和JAK1/3) 有效抵消了二次衰老,并恢复了β细胞功能.
结论:
- 衰老的胰腺β细胞是异质的,有不同的亚群体表现出独特的功能和分泌特征.
- 来自特定β细胞亚群的老化相关分泌表型 (SASP) 可以诱导进一步的β细胞功能障碍.
- 抑制JAK是一种有前途的治疗策略,通过向衰老细胞来恢复糖尿病中的β细胞功能.
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