捕食,进化和历史偶然性:一个线虫捕食者推动了聚合多细胞性的进化
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|July 14, 2025
概括
捕食塑造了细菌中聚合多细胞性 (AM) 的演变. 捕食者的存在改变了细菌果实体的发展,证明了复杂的生态相互作用和进化反应.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 微生物生态学 微生物生态学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 聚合多细胞性 (AM) 是一种复杂的进化策略,具有多样化的行为和社会结构.
- 捕食是进化的一个重要驱动力,但它在塑造AM中的作用比克隆多细胞性更不了解.
- 用三种物种的食物网来研究影响AM进化的捕食者-猎物动态.
研究的目的:
- 调查掠食如何影响聚合多细胞性 (AM) 的演变.
- 为了检查*Myxococcus xanthus*在一个多的食物网中对掠食的进化反应.
- 了解捕食和资源可用性之间的相互作用在塑造AM.
主要方法:
- 在受控的三种物种群体中*Myxococcus xanthus*的实验进化.
- 操纵捕食者 (* Pristionchus pacificus *) 和猎物 (* Escherichia coli *) 的存在和缺席.
- 分析 *M. xanthus* 果实体和子生产数量和形态的变化.
主要成果:
- *Myxococcus xanthus*在对线虫的反应中进化出改变的果实体数量和形态,而不管猎物是否存在.
- 大肠杆菌 (E. coli) 单独减少了果实体的形成和子的产生,但线虫抵消了这些效应.
- 在 *M. xanthus* 的祖先抗生素耐药性突变导致了整体进化的减少,表明了历史的偶然性和潜在的权衡.
结论:
- 捕食,无论是通过和在 mesopredators,是聚合多细胞性进化的关键因素.
- 复杂的体间进化相互作用甚至可以发生在简单的食物网中.
- 历史的偶然性,如抗生素耐药性,可以影响进化轨迹,以应对生物压力.
相关概念视频
01:24Eukaryotic Evolution
36.6K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
36.6K
01:27Diversity of Protists IV
132
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
132
01:27Diversity of Protists II
146
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
146
01:15Diversity of Protists I
137
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
137
01:27Diversity of Protists III
137
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
137
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
19.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
19.2K