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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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拓展视野:在扩大免疫计划中增加注射疫苗

Birendra Prasad Gupta1, Namita Ghimire2

  • 1Virology Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
概括

扩大免疫计划现在使用更多的抗原,增加疫苗剂量. 需要对联合疫苗和替代输送方法进行研究,以提高儿童接种疫苗的接受度.

科学领域:

  • 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 儿科 儿科 儿科

背景情况:

  • 世界卫生组织的免疫扩展计划 (EPI) 始于1974年,由6种抗原和8种剂量开始.
  • 目前的儿童疫苗接种计划涉及21种疫苗中的11种抗原.
  • 增加的疫苗抗原和剂量引发了人们对注射负担,疼痛和疫苗接受度的担忧.

研究的目的:

  • 为应对与扩大疫苗接种计划相关的挑战.
  • 倡导研究组合疫苗和替代输送途径.
  • 提高免疫计划的有效性和可接受性.

主要方法:

  • 审查疫苗计划扩展和相关挑战.
  • 确定疫苗开发和交付的研究需求.
  • 强调疫苗学创新的重要性.

主要成果:

  • 对注射次数和潜在的不良反应存在担忧.
  • 通过口服,鼻腔或无针法进行的组合疫苗是建议的解决方案.
  • 减少注射可能会增加疫苗接受率.

结论:

关键词:
扩大了免疫接种计划.免疫接种 免疫接种 免疫接种一个注射的注射.疫苗 疫苗 疫苗 疫苗

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  • 在疫苗开发方面,进一步的研究和创新至关重要.
  • 开发组合疫苗和替代输送方法可以减轻注射负担.
  • 改善疫苗接种对于有效的免疫接种至关重要,尤其是在资源有限的环境中.