对于注意力缺陷多动症患者中华语阅读困难:执行功能缺陷的作用
Jia Wei1, Dengxian Yang1, Fang Cheng1,2
1Ningbo University Health Science Center, NingBo, China.
PeerJ
|July 14, 2025
概括
患有ADHD和阅读障碍 (RD) 的儿童表现出更差的执行功能,影响了中国人的阅读技能. 干预措施应针对执行功能,如工作记忆和响应抑制,以获得更好的阅读结果.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和阅读障碍 (RD) 是儿童常见的疾病.
- 共病性ADHD和RD影响全球数以百万计的人,影响学术和社会功能.
- 执行功能 (EF) 缺陷是ADHD的关键,并影响RD,但它们在中文阅读中的作用尚未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究EF缺陷如何影响ADHD儿童中文阅读.
- 告知ADHD-RD并发症的诊断和干预策略.
主要方法:
- 招募了160名患有多动症的华语儿童,分为仅有多动症 (n=80) 和多动症+RD (n=80) 组.
- 使用SNAP-IV评估ADHD症状,使用DCCC阅读中文,使用视觉空间工作记忆,口头工作记忆和Go/No-Go任务进行EF.
- 两组之间的EF性能和阅读分数进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 两组之间ADHD症状得分没有显著差异.
- 与ADHD+RD组相比,ADHD+RD组的DCCC得分更高,EF任务准确性更低.
- 较差的EF性能,特别是视觉空间工作记忆和响应抑制,与较低的中文阅读能力相关.
结论:
- 患有ADHD和并发性RD的儿童表现出比单独患有ADHD的儿童更明显的EF缺陷.
- EF缺陷,特别是工作记忆和响应抑制,与中文阅读障碍有关.
- 治疗ADHD-RD应包括执行功能培训,以提高阅读能力.
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