单侧高负荷阻力训练增加了对侧未经训练的四肢的绝对但不是相对肌肉耐力
Jun Seob Song1, Ryo Kataoka2, Yujiro Yamada2
1Texas A&M University-San Antonio.
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|July 14, 2025
概括
单边阻力训练可以提高训练有素和未训练有素的双臂的绝对肌肉耐力,这是由增强力量所驱动的. 然而,它并没有提高未经训练的肢体的相对肌肉耐力,这表明这种措施没有交叉教育效应.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 神经肌肉适应的过程
背景情况:
- 单边阻力训练是运动员的常见做法.
- 交叉教育的现象,其中训练一个肢体改善相反的肢体,对于力量来说已经有充分的证据.
- 然而,对肌肉耐力的影响,特别是绝对与相对的测量,仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定单边阻力训练是否提高了训练和未训练的手臂的绝对和相对肌肉耐力.
- 调查力量的增长是否会影响肌肉耐力 (交叉教育) 的变化.
- 为了比较训练主导臂与非主导臂对耐力的影响.
主要方法:
- 160名参与者被随机分为四组:主导+非主导手臂训练 (D+ND),仅主导手臂 (D-Only),仅非主导手臂 (ND-Only) 和对照组.
- 一个为期6周的训练计划包括肘部曲练习,包括1重复最大 (1RM) 和高负荷 (8-12RM) 套.
- 评估了非主导手臂的肌肉耐力 (重复到疲劳) 和1RM强度.
主要成果:
- 无论是D + ND还是ND-Only组,在非主导的手臂中,绝对肌肉耐力都显著增加.
- 与对照组相比,D-Only组在绝对肌肉耐力方面也有所改善,但不如其他训练组.
- 非主导手臂的相对肌肉耐力仅在D + ND和ND-Only组中得到改善,这表明交叉教育效应有限.
- 增加1RM强度积极介导绝对耐力增长,但负面介导相对耐力增长.
结论:
- 单边高负荷阻力训练有效地增加了训练和未训练四肢的绝对肌肉耐力,主要是通过力量适应.
- 在这项研究中没有观察到相对肌肉耐力的交叉教育.
- 这些发现表明,增强强度是绝对耐力改善的关键驱动力,但相对耐力可能需要直接训练.
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