15岁以下克罗地亚足球运动员的相对年龄影响,形态状况和身体表现
Ante Rađa1, Jakov Marasović1, Marko Erceg1
1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
PloS one
|July 14, 2025
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 有利于今年早些时候出生的运动员,使他们在足球中获得优势. 教练应该在当前表现上识别潜在的人才,以确保公平的选择.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 描述了体育运动中的出生日期优势,导致老年运动员的过度代表.
- 这种现象影响了青年发展和人才选择,因为身体和表现的差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查RAE对U-15足球运动员出生分布和身体特征的影响.
- 为了确定出生在特定四分位数的球员是否表现出优越的绩效指标.
主要方法:
- 在克罗地亚达尔马西亚研究了177名U-15足球运动员.
- 测量了人类学,运动功能和球特定能力.
- 使用描述性统计和ANOVA分析数据来比较出生季度.
主要成果:
- 63.3%的球员出生在前两个四分位数中,这证实了RAE.
- 在第一个四分位数 (Q1) 中出生的球员显著更高,更重,并表现出更好的爆炸性.
- Q1球员在冲刺和球速度方面也表现出优势.
结论:
- RAE显著影响年轻足球运动员的出生分布和身体发育.
- 早期出生的球员 (Q1) 在关键足球属性方面具有优势,影响选拔.
- 教练必须考虑长期的潜力,而不是即时的表现,以减轻RAE偏差.
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