人类减少的成年神经发生是由于权衡而不是直接的负面选择
David Morizet1, Laure Bally-Cuif1
1Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Paris, France.
概括
在人类中,减少成人神经发生可能是促进大脑发育的权衡. 这种进化变化可能允许大脑皮层更复杂,尽管对记忆和认知有潜在的影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 成人神经发生,即成年大脑中新神经元的产生,与其他脊椎动物相比,在人类中显著减少.
- 假设这种减少可以通过确保神经电路稳定性来支持长期记忆等认知功能.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类减少成人神经发生的进化益处和后果.
- 探索人类特异性基因组特征与成人神经生成的下降之间的联系.
- 提出一个权衡假设,其中减少成人神经发生促进大脑皮层扩张.
主要方法:
- 对行为研究和基于进化的观察进行审查.
- 细胞系的分析和功能测试.
- 检查人类特异性基因组特征及其对神经祖先通路的影响.
主要成果:
- 有证据表明,成人神经发生的丧失并不一定与认知能力下降有关.
- 人类特异性基因组元素似乎会影响导致胚胎神经祖先过早耗尽的途径.
- 成人神经发生的减少可能是选择改变的进化后果,以使大脑皮层更大,更复杂.
结论:
- 在人类中,减少成人神经发生可能是一个让步,使大脑皮层发育和复杂性得到增强.
- 人类基因组进化已经塑造了神经发育,可能是以成人神经发生的代价.
- 这种进化策略可能是通过皮层扩张来支持更高的认知功能.
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