自然语言处理与国际疾病分类代码在为摔伤患者建立注册表中的性能:回顾性分析
Atta Taseh1, Souri Sasanfar1, Michelle Chan1
1Foot & Ankle Research and Innovations Laboratory (FARIL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, 158 Boston Post Road, Weston, MA, 02493, United States, 1 7818279613.
JMIR medical informatics
|July 14, 2025
概括
与国际疾病分类 (ICD) 代码相比,自然语言处理 (NLP) 显著提高了健康登记处的摔倒检测和机制分类的准确性. 这种自动化方法提高了用于伤监测的数据准确性.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 标准化的健康登记册通常依赖于行政代码 (例如,国际疾病分类 - ICD) 来获得患者数据.
- 当前的编码实践可能会错误地分类摔倒伤害,需要手动审查数据以确保准确性.
- 这凸显了需要更精确的方法来捕捉患者记录中与跌倒相关的事件.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估自然语言处理 (NLP) 模型,从临床笔记中自动提取摔倒事件和机制.
- 将NLP方法的性能与传统的ICD编码进行秋季数据的比较.
- 提高跌伤登记处数据收集的准确性和效率.
主要方法:
- 从关节骨折患者的临床笔记的回顾性审查,分为引起摔倒 (病例) 和非引起摔倒 (对照) 的组.
- 开发用于两个任务的NLP模型:跌倒发生的检测和跌倒机制的分类.
- 使用准确性,敏感性,特异性和F1得分等指标进行性能评估,与ICD代码进行比较.
主要成果:
- NLP模型在检测落事件 (F1分数=0.97) 和分类落机制 (F1分数=0.61) 中取得了高精度.
- 与ICD代码相比,NLP的性能优于ICD代码,检测到98%的跌倒事件,而26%的跌倒机制是65%,而12%的跌倒机制是65%.
- 该研究分析了1769条关于跌落的记录和783条关于机制分类的记录.
结论:
- 与ICD代码相比,NLP算法提供了一个更准确,更有效的方法来识别临床笔记中的跌倒事件和机制.
- 这种自动化方法可以显著提高疾病登记册中的数据质量,特别是与跌倒相关的伤害.
- 拟议的NLP方法有望应用于其他需要准确注释和分类的大型数据注册表.
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