在高峰时段的空气污染物度变化对呼吸道疾病住院治疗的短期影响
Wancheng Zhang1, Ye Ruan2, Jianglong Ling3
1Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China. zhangwch1109@163.com.
Scientific reports
|July 14, 2025
概括
在高峰交通时段的空气污染显著增加了呼吸道疾病 (RD) 的住院病例. 建议减少户外暴露,特别是在寒冷的天气中,以减轻这些健康风险.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
背景情况:
- 有限的研究存在于与交通有关的空气污染对呼吸道疾病住院的具体影响.
- 在高峰交通时段的空气质量是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题,特别是在城市环境中.
- 呼吸系统疾病 (RD) 对医疗保健系统构成重大负担,需要对可预防的原因进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查高峰交通时段空气污染物度与因呼吸道疾病住院患者之间的联系.
- 量化与特定空气污染物相关的 RD 住院病人的相对风险 (RR).
- 探索跨年龄组,性别和季节的差异性影响.
主要方法:
- 利用分布式滞后非线性模型 (DLNM) 来分析来自中国兰州109,419例RD住院病人的数据 (2014-2019).
- 研究了细颗粒物 (PM2.5),可吸入颗粒物 (PM10),二氧化硫 (SO2),二氧化 (NO2) 和一氧化碳 (CO) 的度增加的影响.
- 根据性别,年龄和季节进行了分层分析,以确定脆弱人群和条件.
主要成果:
- PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2和CO的增加与DR住院的相对风险增加有关.
- 臭氧 (O3) 与RD住院病例没有显著的关联.
- 具体的污染物表现出不同的影响:PM2.5,PM10,NO2和CO影响了年轻人 (<15岁),而SO2影响了老年人 (≥65岁).
- 空气污染物和 RD 住院患者之间的关联在寒冷季节更为明显.
- 分层分析表明,大多数污染物影响男性和女性.
结论:
- 空气污染物,特别是PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2和CO,是呼吸道疾病住院的重要风险因素,特别是在高峰交通时段.
- 弱势群体,包括儿童和老年人,面临不成比例的更高风险.
- 公共卫生干预措施应侧重于减少短期户外暴露于与交通有关的空气污染,特别是在寒冷的月份.
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